docker是什么

在我的理解中docker是一个小型的虚拟机,能够定制化各种依赖.
如某台机器需要编译一个可执行文件MyTest, 其中MyTest需要用到Python内核,openssl库,编译的gcc套件.
这些都可以整合到一个docker里面,将这些离散的依赖当作一个整体管控起来
docker相当于所有依赖的快照, 有利于编译环境的迁移.

docker安装

sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc # 卸载残余的docker

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

docker主要操作

在列举操作之前需要先明确俩概念, 一个是image 一个是container. image就是上文提到的所有依赖的快照. 而container则是运行这些快照的容器.
一个是锅一个是油盐酱醋. 只有将油盐酱醋倒到锅里才能炒出菜来.

Image Operations

1. Pulling an Image:

   docker pull IMAGE_NAME[:TAG] # 把油盐酱醋从超市买回来

2. Listing Images:

   docker images

3. Removing an Image:

   docker rmi IMAGE_ID/IMAGE_NAME

4. Building an Image:

   docker build -t IMAGE_NAME:TAG PATH/URL

5. Tagging an Image:

   docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]

6. Pushing an Image to a Registry:

   docker push IMAGE_NAME[:TAG]

Container Operations

1. Running a Container:

   docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

2. Listing Running Containers:

   docker ps

3. Listing All Containers (including stopped):

   docker ps -a

4. Stopping a Container:

   docker stop CONTAINER_ID/NAME

5. Starting a Container:

   docker start CONTAINER_ID/NAME

6. Restarting a Container:

   docker restart CONTAINER_ID/NAME

7. Pausing a Container:

   docker pause CONTAINER_ID/NAME

8. Unpausing a Container:

   docker unpause CONTAINER_ID/NAME

9. Removing a Container:

   docker rm CONTAINER_ID/NAME

10. Viewing Container Logs:

    docker logs CONTAINER_ID/NAME

11. Executing a Command in a Running Container:

    docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

踩坑

1. “Error response from daemon: Get “https://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/path/“: http: server gave HTTP response to HTTPS client”

   此问题源于docker使用https协议而服务器那头响应的是http, 所以需要将此服务器置信.
   查看docker info => Insecure Registries 我们需要在这栏中添加期望的服务器
   添加配置文件重启docker

   vi /etc/docker/daemon.json

   {
   "insecure-registries" : ["xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:port"]
   }

   systemctl restart docker

   如果重启失败,甚至发现没有docker服务, 那就是装错了重装docker吧.😢

2. docker镜像站访问不了了
   国内可以访问阿里云的镜像站 https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/
   
   复制对应Linux系统版本的镜像站地址

   mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak # 先备份一下原有的镜像站

   vi /etc/apt/sources.list # 再把刚刚从网站上复制的镜像站地址填入配置文件,至此就替换好了镜像站了